Research

The term smart city is an emerging urban concept that provides optimal public services in a city as a hybrid combination of people, technology, and place. However, previous research does not consider various factors and either depends on technology development or studies of human and non-human factors separately.

With the continuing increase in online communications, virtual proximity as well as physical proximity has become a common way to connect individuals. Virtual proximity refers to the psychological closeness felt by people based on their participation in a virtual space.

With the continuing increase in online communications, virtual proximity as well as physical proximity has become a common way to connect individuals. Virtual proximity refers to the psychological closeness felt by people based on their participation in a virtual space. Hence, augmenting physical proximity with virtual types is believed to enhance connectivity within social networks, and applications that consider both types have the capability to provide new forms of interaction. However, despite the importance of their coexistence, these proximity concepts have been studied separately or are being integrated using diverse terminologies that often lead to misunderstandings. Furthermore, although some applications reflect the two proximity types (e.g., location-based services), there is no metric of comparison. This paper proposes the concept of augmented proximity (AP), which combines physical and virtual forms into a network analogous to one of mixed reality (MR). The concept provides a clear distinction between physical and virtual proximity using a single quantitative value. Using this concept, a formal taxonomy is established to compare and evaluate AP-based networks. The taxonomy consists of three dimensions that can be analyzed using graph theory, including the extent of connectivity degree, diffusion effect, and extent of perceived closeness. Furthermore, using the services underlying AP-based network, the proposed taxonomy can be applied to evaluate the suitability of the services as an indicator for comparison. The results show that one of the two services has a higher taxonomy-based value, and a reasonable basis for selecting one based on proximity is established. This study suggests that AP will play an important role as a quantitative indicator in developing and comparing applications that consider proximity in both virtual and physical modes.

ABSTRACT This study examined which accompanying information elements were noticed by visitors while they were looking at artworks, using eye-tracking experiments. First, we conducted an online survey to grasp the types of information that visitors wanted to know, and five elements were obtained. Second, we collected information on these five elements through interviews with one artist.

Recent museum exhibitions are becoming a means by which to satisfy visitor demands. In order to provide visitor-centric exhibitions, artwork must be analyzed based on the behavior of visitors, and not merely according to museum professionals' points of view.

Visitor-centered approaches have been widely discussed in the museum experience research field. One notable approach was suggested by Falk and Dierking, who defined museum visitor experience as having a physical, personal, and social context. Many studies have been conducted based on this approach, yet the interactions between personal and social contexts have not been fully researched.

Authors: , Graduate School of Culture Technology, KAIST, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea View Profile , , , Graduate School of Culture Technology, KAIST, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea View Profile , Authors Info & Claims Abstract As social networking services (SNSs) have become increasingly influential, they are now a vital element in art museums because communication with visitors is crucial.

Visitor-centered approaches have been widely discussed in the museum experience research field. One notable approach was suggested by Falk and Dierking, who defined museum visitor experience as having a physical, personal, and social context. Many studies have been conducted based on this approach, yet the interactions between personal and social contexts have not been fully researched.

Servicescape design of leisure spaces such as theme parks influence the level of visitor satisfaction and the re-visitation rate. However, only a few large theme park operators have a separate theme of specialists with heuristic knowledge for servicescaping. In response, small companies turn to the specialists paying high fees and royalties usually leading to outdated servicescape designs.

The recommender we developed allows designers to search and select a particular BS without much biological knowledge. * The inference method is suggested to expand the limited data quantity of BSs; the biological character based inference. * The 'physical' biased problem of the current systems is resolved by supplementing the 'biological and ecological relations'.

This paper identifies correlations of design intent and user response to stylistic recognition of 23 car brands, with an emphasis on visual aesthetics. By evaluating car exterior designs based on shape similarities, it is possible to find the distributions of the typical design elements and novel design elements.

Understanding how similar design appears is a key element to understanding companies' design strategies. However, it is difficult to evaluate companies' design strategies with conventional style measurement methods since they only taxonomically measure whether a specific characteristic is included in a specific style.

To enhance missing nonverbal cues in computer-mediated communication using text, those who can see often use emojis or emoticons. Although emojis for the sighted have transformed throughout the years to animated forms and added sound effects, emojis for visually impaired people remain underdeveloped.

PSS design activities, designer, design object, tools and context, are represented. * Built a PSS design knowledge representation framework and case retrieval methods. * Validated the framework by the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Empirically examined the correlation coefficient between the product design process and the creativity of design outcome. * Developed a rigorous and quantitative method to measure creativity in product design. * Established a standard assessment of creativity in product design for both industry and academia.